Memory ideas

External memories, state compression, retrieval-style read/write policies and calibrated stopping rules.

△ Mechanism confirmed, baseline not beaten 2026

Rate-adaptive KV-cache quantizer

Allocate different entropy budgets to different KV-cache blocks instead of assigning every token and head the same nominal bitwidth. Use the ECASQ Lagrangian so high-variance or attention-sensitive blocks receive more codepoints, while predictable blocks collapse to fewer symbols and become highly compressible. Preserve unbiasedness per scalar or block so reconstructed keys and values have zero mean quantization error conditional on the original tensor.

Useful8/10
Difficulty6/10
Novelty7/10
Paper: Entropy-Constrained Adaptive Stochastic Quantization arXiv:2608.18147
✗ Failed on benchmark 2026

Equal-Volume KV Vector Quantization

Replace consecutive or randomly assigned transformed KV coefficients with groups whose variance-volume is approximately equal. Train one equal-size vector-quantizer codebook per group, so a fixed-width cache does not waste its low-rate budget by forcing high-variance and low-variance coordinates into badly mismatched groups. This is a drop-in quantization-layout change that can be applied to keys, values, or both.

Useful8/10
Difficulty5/10
Novelty7/10
Paper: Spend Bits Where Queries Look: KV Cache Vector Quantization with Attention-Preserving Transforms arXiv:2608.04074
△ Mechanism confirmed, baseline not beaten 2026

Joint Tucker-rank and residual-bit KV allocator

Compress each layer's KV tensor with a partial Tucker approximation over token and feature axes, then encode the truncation residual with a rotated uniform quantizer. Select token rank, feature rank, and residual bit-width jointly under a global byte budget, allowing values with flat spectra to receive residual bits while keys may receive more low-rank capacity.

Useful8/10
Difficulty6/10
Novelty6/10
Paper: A JoLT for the KV cache: Near-lossless KV cache compression via joint Lagrangian allocation of Tucker ranks and a rotated residual for llms arXiv:2607.12550
△ Mechanism confirmed, baseline not beaten 2026

Equal-Variation KV Cache

Compress a causal sequence by retaining history positions at equal increments of cumulative representation variation instead of at uniform time intervals. Use the resulting N representatives in a decoder that reconstructs piecewise-constant keys and values; the paper's minimax result predicts a worst-case reconstruction error of total variation divided by 2N, independent of where rapid changes occur.

Useful8/10
Difficulty5/10
Novelty6/10
Paper: Optimal history encoding for elastic-plastic hereditary laws: Sharp input and constitutive approximation arXiv:2607.09974
△ Mechanism confirmed, baseline not beaten 2026

DP-Means Distinct-Item Memory

Replace token-by-token KV storage after an SSM or recurrent encoder with an online allocate-on-novelty cache. A new slot is created only when the incoming key is sufficiently dissimilar from every stored key; otherwise the incoming value is merged into its nearest slot, so repeated or redundant content does not grow the cache.

Useful8/10
Difficulty4/10
Novelty6/10
Paper: Remembering Distinct Items, Not Tokens: A Learnable Dirichlet-Process Cache Between State-Space Models and Attention arXiv:2607.09889
✗ Mechanism failed 2026

Ranking-Aware Projection Dimension Rule

Replace the usual JL dimension choice with a task-specific dimension budget based on the paper's asymptotic ranking law. For retrieval, nearest-neighbor search, or compressed attention keys, choose m from a target Kendall correlation and automatically expand the projection when measured ranking quality falls below the target.

Useful7/10
Difficulty3/10
Novelty7/10
Paper: Exact Limits of Random Projections for Preserving Geometry: Distance Recovery, Nearest-Neighbor Rankings, and Covariance Shape in Gaussian Models arXiv:2609.02155
✗ Mechanism failed 2026

Coarse-to-fine active-support transport attention

Replace dense cross-attention weights with a balanced transport plan whose nonzero query-key edges are maintained by a multiscale active-set procedure. Solve the coarse token-group problem first, lift its support to the fine token grid, add only edges indicated by local cost or marginal residuals, and warm-start the fine problem from the lifted plan. This should provide a principled sparse attention pattern rather than fixing a global top-k pattern before seeing the transport solution.

Useful7/10
Difficulty7/10
Novelty6/10
Paper: A Multiscale Primal-Dual Interior-Point Relaxation Method for Large-Scale Optimal Transport Problems arXiv:2608.12060
△ Mechanism confirmed, baseline not beaten 2026

Orthogonally mixed 3-bit KV cache

Replace ordinary per-channel or per-token KV quantization with a structured orthogonal transform followed by blockwise 3-bit quantization. Use a normalized Walsh-Hadamard transform and small SO(4) rotations to spread outliers across coordinates, quantize the transformed vectors, and exploit orthogonality to rotate queries and attention outputs so unquantized attention remains mathematically equivalent.

Useful7/10
Difficulty6/10
Novelty6/10
Paper: RotaryQuant: Fitting 120B MoE Models on Consumer Hardware via Fused Compressed-Space Attention arXiv:2608.08081
✗ Failed on benchmark 2026

Rank-Revealing Representative Tokens

Compress a transformer KV cache by selecting actual past tokens whose key or hidden-state columns form a stable basis for all cached tokens. Instead of retaining tokens with the largest attention scores or leverage scores independently, compute rank-revealing pivoting of the leading right-singular-vector matrix and retain its pivot columns, then evaluate attention using the representatives plus an optional low-cost residual correction.

Useful7/10
Difficulty5/10
Novelty6/10
Paper: Computing Strong Rank-Revealing Factorizations for Matrices with Orthonormal Rows arXiv:2607.13532
Unverified 2026

GP-DPP Adaptive Token Selection

Replace fixed-budget token or patch pruning with greedy selection that combines a teacher-derived relevance score and Gaussian-process mutual information. Select an item when it is both relevant and non-redundant, and stop when the largest remaining information gain falls below a calibrated threshold instead of retaining a fixed number of items.

Useful6/10
Difficulty5/10
Novelty5/10
Paper: InfoDPP-PAC: Principled Patch Selection for Whole Slide Image Analysis arXiv:2608.23574
Unverified 2026

Residual-pivoted landmark attention

Replace uniform or random landmark selection in low-rank attention with approximate greedy pivoted QR selection on the attention matrix. At each step, select the key whose residual attention column has the largest norm, orthogonalize it against previously selected columns, and stop when the residual energy falls below a target tolerance. Use the selected columns as an adaptive attention basis and reconstruct the full attention output through a small coefficient matrix.

Useful6/10
Difficulty6/10
Novelty5/10
Paper: Convergence rates for pivoted QR and LU arXiv:2607.26863
✓✓ Beats tuned baseline 2026

Resolving Landmark Bottleneck

Compress a directed graph into a small set of landmark vertices while guaranteeing that every node receives a distinct restricted adjacency signature. Use these signatures as structural positional features and as the only graph-to-token interface for a graph transformer, reducing landmark-mediated connectivity from O(n^2) to O(ns).

Useful6/10
Difficulty5/10
Novelty7/10
Paper: Localization and metric dimension for families of highly structured digraphs arXiv:2607.05152
Unverified 2026

Signed-triangle Nyström lookahead

Replace one-step greedy landmark selection in Nyström attention or kernel compression with a restricted pairwise-lookahead rule. The lookahead is motivated by the paper's explicit obstruction: a signed triangle can make individual column gains exhibit increasing rather than diminishing returns, so the best next column need not belong to the best pair.

Useful5/10
Difficulty5/10
Novelty4/10
Paper: Nyström Error Beyond $M$-Matrices: A Minimal Diagonally Dominant Obstruction arXiv:2607.19282